ANALYSIS OF SEA WAVE PARAMETERS THAT AFFECT SAFETY OF NAVIGATION

Abstract

The article considers the characteristics of the process of sea swell, which is one of the main dynamic components of the World Ocean. Waves in the oceans and seas are periodic oscillations of water particles around their position of equilibrium. The causes of formation and conditions for the propagation of waves in the oceans and seas are quite diverse, so they are classified according to various characteristics. Depending on the forces that cause them (i.e., by origin), the following types of waves are distinguished: wind waves, anemobaric waves, seismic waves, tidal waves, ship waves. The study of waves for many years has been carried out on the basis of the provisions of classical hydromechanics. At the moment, there are significant number of different theories of sea waves, among which one of the most illustrative is the so-called trochoidal theory, which is given in the article, exist. This theory considers ideal waves, the profile of which is described by a curve called a trochoid. Wind waves, which are distinguished by great diversity, prevail on the sea surface. As observations have shown, this diversity is characterized, nevertheless, by certain statistical regularities, which makes it possible to study not only individual waves, but also the entire set of wind waves at the same time. The distribution of wind waves in the oceans and seas is determined largely by the characteristics of the wind regime. The degree of dismemberment of the water body, the relief of the bottom, and the presence of ice cover also have a great influence on the waves. Despite the successes achieved in the development of the theory of wind waves, the main issues have not yet received a sufficiently complete and rigorous solution, which is explained by the great complexity of the solution itself. The elements of sea waves that arise under the action of the wind in the oceans and seas depend not only on the strength of the wind, but also on the duration of its action, the length of the acceleration, and the relief of the bottom. Therefore, a wind of the same force under different specific conditions can form different waves. The maximum heights of waves observed in the oceans are much greater than in the seas. The geographical distribution of waves in different areas of the World Ocean by season (month) is given in special publications. Ensuring the safety of navigation in conditions of rough seas, especially in stormy conditions, largely depends on navigator's understanding of the patterns of their influence on ship.